Excel's grid feels like an endless canvas until you hit the boundaries of row 1,048,576 or column XFD. These limits aren't random—they're digital walls shaped by history, hardware, and binary logic.

Daniel Jassy, CFA, is an Investopedia Academy instructor and the founder of SPYderCRusher Research. He contributes to Excel and Algorithmic Trading. Robert Kelly is managing director of XTS Energy LLC ...