In 2025, the Turkish–Kurdish peace process witnessed several breakthrough developments, most notably the disarmament of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), the organisation’s self-dissolution, and – ...

On 15 December, President Petr Pavel formally nominated the government of Andrej Babiš, formed following the elections to the Chamber of Deputies held on 3–4 October (see ‘Parliamentary elections in ...

On the night of 10–11 December, Ukrainian drones attacked the Akron chemical plant in Novgorod. The company is one of the ...

The budget for next year, signed by President Volodymyr Zelensky on 10 December, provides for revenues of 2.9 trillion hryvnias (approximately $68.7 billion) and expenditures of 4.8 trillion hryvnias ...

The Russians continue their attempts to completely take over the Pokrovsk conurbation, intensifying their activities in the ...

On 8 December, the Council of the European Union adopted the regulation establishing the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP), which the European Parliament had approved in November.

On 3 December, the European Commission added Russia to the EU’s list of high-risk countries – commonly referred to as the ‘blacklist’ – deemed to have strategic deficiencies in their frameworks for ...

Following talks with Alyaksandr Lukashenka in Minsk on 12–13 December, the US President’s Special Envoy for Belarus, John Coale, announced the lifting of the embargo on Belarusian potash fertilisers, ...

During a press briefing on 11 December, President Volodymyr Zelensky provided an update on the current state of negotiations over the US-backed peace plan. It is currently based on a 20-point ...

On 5 December, the Bundestag passed a law reforming military service. From 2026, the new regulations will require male German citizens residing in Germany who have reached the age of 18 to complete a ...

On 9 December, the Lithuanian government declared a nationwide emergency due to the threat to civil security posed by Belarusian smuggling balloons, which have been active for the past two months.

Appointed in June 2024, the right-wing government of Hristijan Mickoski is consolidating its power, as evidenced by his party’s victory in the local elections held in the autumn. Despite its declared ...