Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most common industrial technology for closed-loop control. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, ...

Bipolar stepper motors provide precise position control while operating in an open loop. Industrial automation applications—such as robots and processing and packaging machinery—and consumer ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

When implementing cooling solutions for electronic equipment, system designers are confronted with a complex set of variables. The cooling requirements are typically dynamic, and ambient temperatures ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...