Electrons in a metal form a Fermi distribution in equilibrium with a phonon bath. These electrons can easily be driven out of equilibrium, for example, by applying Joule heating 4. A key feature of ...

QSPICE is an analog and mixed-signal simulator characterized by high simulation speed, accuracy and reliability. It is a new program and can be downloaded here. QSPICE is still in the demonstration ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

The exam topics are covered in most texts for a first course in circuit analysis with active devices. Examples of suitable texts are: The duration of the exam is three hours. The exam is closed book ...

An overload or short circuit in a fuse or mini circuit breaker can lead to undersupply or failure of an entire 24-V dc power-supply system. Selectivity protection using an electronic fuse offers a ...